{"id":1601,"date":"2025-11-03T13:56:25","date_gmt":"2025-11-03T10:56:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.domainsorgulama.com\/blog\/?p=1601"},"modified":"2025-12-09T16:21:39","modified_gmt":"2025-12-09T13:21:39","slug":"api-nedir-ne-ise-yarar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.domainsorgulama.com\/blog\/api-nedir-ne-ise-yarar\/","title":{"rendered":"API Nedir, Ne \u0130\u015fe Yarar?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Geli\u015ftiricilerin diller, \u00e7er\u00e7eveler ve platformlar aras\u0131nda k\u00f6pr\u00fc kurmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan en temel ara\u00e7lardan biri API\u2019dir. \u201cUygulama Programlama Aray\u00fcz\u00fc\u201d anlam\u0131na gelen <a href=\"https:\/\/aws.amazon.com\/tr\/what-is\/api\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">API<\/a>, bir yaz\u0131l\u0131m bile\u015feninin ba\u015fka bir bile\u015fenle <strong data-start=\"242\" data-end=\"251\">nas\u0131l<\/strong> konu\u015faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bi\u00e7imde tarif eden bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme gibidir. Bu s\u00f6zle\u015fme; hangi iste\u011fin nas\u0131l yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, hangi verinin d\u00f6n\u00fclece\u011fini, hatalar\u0131n nas\u0131l bildirilece\u011fini, g\u00fcvenli\u011fin nas\u0131l sa\u011flanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerin nas\u0131l y\u00f6netilece\u011fini belirler. K\u0131sacas\u0131 API, modern yaz\u0131l\u0131m ekosisteminin trafikteki kav\u015faklar\u0131d\u0131r: Ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 d\u00fczenler, kurallar\u0131 koyar ve her \u015feyin \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmadan ilerlemesini sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1603 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.domainsorgulama.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/API-Nedir-Ne-Ise-Yarar.jpg\" alt=\"API Nedir, Ne \u0130\u015fe Yarar\" width=\"660\" height=\"441\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.domainsorgulama.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/API-Nedir-Ne-Ise-Yarar.jpg 660w, https:\/\/www.domainsorgulama.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/API-Nedir-Ne-Ise-Yarar-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.domainsorgulama.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/API-Nedir-Ne-Ise-Yarar-414x276.jpg 414w, https:\/\/www.domainsorgulama.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/API-Nedir-Ne-Ise-Yarar-470x313.jpg 470w, https:\/\/www.domainsorgulama.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/API-Nedir-Ne-Ise-Yarar-130x86.jpg 130w, https:\/\/www.domainsorgulama.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/API-Nedir-Ne-Ise-Yarar-187x124.jpg 187w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 660px) 100vw, 660px\" \/><\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_78 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.domainsorgulama.com\/blog\/api-nedir-ne-ise-yarar\/#API_Nedir\" >API Nedir?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.domainsorgulama.com\/blog\/api-nedir-ne-ise-yarar\/#APInin_Calisma_Prensibi_Nasil_Isler\" >API\u2019nin \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Prensibi: Nas\u0131l \u0130\u015fler?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.domainsorgulama.com\/blog\/api-nedir-ne-ise-yarar\/#API_Turleri_REST_SOAP_GraphQL_ve_Digerleri\" >API T\u00fcrleri: REST, SOAP, GraphQL ve Di\u011ferleri<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.domainsorgulama.com\/blog\/api-nedir-ne-ise-yarar\/#Mimari_Stil_Protokol_Bazli\" >Mimari Stil \/ Protokol Bazl\u0131<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.domainsorgulama.com\/blog\/api-nedir-ne-ise-yarar\/#Erisim_Modeli_Bazli\" >Eri\u015fim Modeli Bazl\u0131<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.domainsorgulama.com\/blog\/api-nedir-ne-ise-yarar\/#APIler_ve_Web_Gelistirme_Web_Uygulamalariyla_Entegrasyon\" >API\u2019ler ve Web Geli\u015ftirme: Web Uygulamalar\u0131yla Entegrasyon<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.domainsorgulama.com\/blog\/api-nedir-ne-ise-yarar\/#API_Kullanmanin_Avantajlari_ve_Dezavantajlari\" >API Kullanman\u0131n Avantajlar\u0131 ve Dezavantajlar\u0131<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.domainsorgulama.com\/blog\/api-nedir-ne-ise-yarar\/#Avantajlar\" >Avantajlar<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.domainsorgulama.com\/blog\/api-nedir-ne-ise-yarar\/#Dezavantajlar_Dikkat_Edilmesi_Gerekenler\" >Dezavantajlar \/ Dikkat Edilmesi Gerekenler<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.domainsorgulama.com\/blog\/api-nedir-ne-ise-yarar\/#Bir_API_Nasil_Tasarlanir_ve_Gelistirilir\" >Bir API Nas\u0131l Tasarlan\u0131r ve Geli\u015ftirilir?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.domainsorgulama.com\/blog\/api-nedir-ne-ise-yarar\/#1_Amac_Kitle_ve_Kullanim_Senaryolari\" >1) Ama\u00e7, Kitle ve Kullan\u0131m Senaryolar\u0131<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.domainsorgulama.com\/blog\/api-nedir-ne-ise-yarar\/#2_Sozlesme_Tasarimi_Contract_Design\" >2) S\u00f6zle\u015fme Tasar\u0131m\u0131 (Contract Design)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.domainsorgulama.com\/blog\/api-nedir-ne-ise-yarar\/#3_Guvenlik\" >3) G\u00fcvenlik<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.domainsorgulama.com\/blog\/api-nedir-ne-ise-yarar\/#4_Hata_Yonetimi_ve_Durum_Kodlari\" >4) Hata Y\u00f6netimi ve Durum Kodlar\u0131<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.domainsorgulama.com\/blog\/api-nedir-ne-ise-yarar\/#5_Surumleme_Versioning_ve_Uyumluluk\" >5) S\u00fcr\u00fcmleme (Versioning) ve Uyumluluk<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.domainsorgulama.com\/blog\/api-nedir-ne-ise-yarar\/#6_Performans_Olceklenebilirlik_ve_Dayaniklilik\" >6) Performans, \u00d6l\u00e7eklenebilirlik ve Dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/www.domainsorgulama.com\/blog\/api-nedir-ne-ise-yarar\/#7_Dokumantasyon_SDK_ve_Gelistirici_Deneyimi_DX\" >7) Dok\u00fcmantasyon, SDK ve Geli\u015ftirici Deneyimi (DX)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/www.domainsorgulama.com\/blog\/api-nedir-ne-ise-yarar\/#8_Test_CICD_ve_Gozlemlenebilirlik\" >8) Test, CI\/CD ve G\u00f6zlemlenebilirlik<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/www.domainsorgulama.com\/blog\/api-nedir-ne-ise-yarar\/#9_Fiyatlandirma_Kota_ve_Governance_AcikPartner_APIler_icin\" >9) Fiyatland\u0131rma, Kota ve Governance (A\u00e7\u0131k\/Partner API\u2019ler i\u00e7in)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/www.domainsorgulama.com\/blog\/api-nedir-ne-ise-yarar\/#10_Uygulamali_Ornek_Basit_Siparis_APIsi_Icin_Kritik_Tasarim_Kararlari\" >10) Uygulamal\u0131 \u00d6rnek: Basit Sipari\u015f API\u2019si \u0130\u00e7in Kritik Tasar\u0131m Kararlar\u0131<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 data-start=\"863\" data-end=\"876\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"API_Nedir\"><\/span>API Nedir?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"878\" data-end=\"1284\">API, yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar aras\u0131 ileti\u015fimi belirlenmi\u015f kurallar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde standartla\u015ft\u0131ran bir aray\u00fczd\u00fcr. Bir taraf \u201cstemci (client), di\u011fer taraf\u00a0 sunucu (server) rol\u00fcn\u00fc \u00fcstlense de bu roller de\u011fi\u015febilir; \u00f6nemli olan, arada API\u2019nin tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 <strong data-start=\"1117\" data-end=\"1135\">istenebilirlik<\/strong> (hangi i\u015flemler yap\u0131labilir), <strong data-start=\"1166\" data-end=\"1180\">s\u00f6z dizimi<\/strong> (istek nas\u0131l yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r) ve <strong data-start=\"1213\" data-end=\"1227\">anlambilim<\/strong> (iste\u011fin anlam\u0131 nedir, hangi etkileri vard\u0131r) b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1286\" data-end=\"1790\">API\u2019yi bir restorandaki garsona benzetmek s\u0131k kullan\u0131lan bir anlat\u0131md\u0131r: Men\u00fc (dok\u00fcmantasyon) \u00fczerinden sipari\u015f (istek) verirsiniz; garson (API), mutfakla (i\u015f mant\u0131\u011f\u0131, veri kaynaklar\u0131) konu\u015fur; sonucunda tabak (yan\u0131t) masan\u0131za gelir. Garsonun g\u00f6revi mutfa\u011f\u0131n i\u00e7ini if\u015fa etmeden sizinle ve mutfakla do\u011fru dili konu\u015fmakt\u0131r. Yaz\u0131l\u0131m d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda bu, i\u00e7 mimarinin saklanmas\u0131 (encapsulation), s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n belirgin olmas\u0131 (bounded context) ve d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyaya yaln\u0131zca <strong data-start=\"1743\" data-end=\"1754\">gerekli<\/strong> i\u015flevlerin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1792\" data-end=\"2115\">API\u2019ler sadece web ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fildir: \u0130\u015fletim sistemi API\u2019leri, donan\u0131m s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcleri, k\u00fct\u00fcphane\/SDK aray\u00fczleri de ayn\u0131 ilkelerle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Ancak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bulut ve mikro servis mimarilerinin yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131yla <strong data-start=\"2000\" data-end=\"2011\">Web API<\/strong>\u2019ler (HTTP\/HTTPS \u00fczerinden JSON veya XML yan\u0131tlar d\u00f6nen u\u00e7 noktalar) pratikte en g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr hale gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"2122\" data-end=\"2163\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"APInin_Calisma_Prensibi_Nasil_Isler\"><\/span>API\u2019nin \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Prensibi: Nas\u0131l \u0130\u015fler?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"2165\" data-end=\"2224\">API\u2019lerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma bi\u00e7imini \u00fc\u00e7 temel katmanda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebiliriz:<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2229\" data-end=\"2319\"><strong data-start=\"2229\" data-end=\"2260\">S\u00f6zle\u015fme Katman\u0131 (Contract)<\/strong><br data-start=\"2260\" data-end=\"2263\" \/>Bu katman, d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyaya \u015fu sorular\u0131n yan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 verir:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"2325\" data-end=\"2365\">Hangi u\u00e7 noktalar (endpoint) mevcut?<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2371\" data-end=\"2434\">Hangi y\u00f6ntemlerle (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, PATCH) \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131l\u0131r?<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2440\" data-end=\"2497\">\u0130stek g\u00f6vdesi (body) ve parametreler nas\u0131l olmal\u0131d\u0131r?<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2503\" data-end=\"2688\">\u201cYan\u0131t \u015femas\u0131 nedir, hata kodlar\u0131 nas\u0131l d\u00f6ner?\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Bu s\u00f6zle\u015fme, \u00e7o\u011fu zaman <strong data-start=\"2580\" data-end=\"2599\">OpenAPI\/Swagger<\/strong> gibi \u015femalarla veya <strong data-start=\"2620\" data-end=\"2638\">GraphQL \u015femas\u0131<\/strong> ile makinece de anla\u015f\u0131labilir bi\u00e7imde yay\u0131nlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2693\" data-end=\"3056\"><strong data-start=\"2693\" data-end=\"2748\">Uygulama Mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 Katman\u0131 (Application\/Domain Logic)<\/strong><br data-start=\"2748\" data-end=\"2751\" \/>\u0130stek kabul edildikten sonra devreye i\u015f kurallar\u0131 girer. Veritaban\u0131ndan okuma\/yazma, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc taraf servislerle konu\u015fma, do\u011frulama, i\u015f ak\u0131\u015flar\u0131, kuyruklar, \u00f6nbellekler bu katmanda yer al\u0131r. \u0130stemci bu ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 bilmez; API, bu mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 uygun bi\u00e7imde soyutlay\u0131p \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131y\u0131 standart bir yan\u0131t haline getirir.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3061\" data-end=\"3425\"><strong data-start=\"3061\" data-end=\"3097\">Altyap\u0131 Katman\u0131 (Infrastructure)<\/strong><br data-start=\"3097\" data-end=\"3100\" \/>Kimlik do\u011frulama (OAuth2, API key, JWT), yetkilendirme (RBAC\/ABAC), h\u0131z limiti (rate limit), kota, CORS, TLS\/SSL, y\u00fck dengeleme, g\u00f6zlemlenebilirlik (log, metrik, iz s\u00fcrme\/tracing) gibi konular bu katmanda ele al\u0131n\u0131r. Sa\u011flam bir API, bu altyap\u0131sal korumalar ve g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck ara\u00e7lar\u0131 olmadan \u00fcretimde uzun s\u00fcre ayakta kalamaz.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3427\" data-end=\"3478\"><strong data-start=\"3427\" data-end=\"3450\">\u0130stek-Yan\u0131t D\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc<\/strong> tipik olarak \u015f\u00f6yle ilerler:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3479\" data-end=\"3862\">\n<li data-start=\"3479\" data-end=\"3567\">\n<p data-start=\"3481\" data-end=\"3567\">\u0130stemci belirli bir URI\u2019ye HTTP iste\u011fi atar.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3568\" data-end=\"3632\">\n<p data-start=\"3570\" data-end=\"3632\">API katman\u0131, kimlik do\u011frulama ve do\u011frulama ad\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 uygular.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3633\" data-end=\"3707\">\n<p data-start=\"3635\" data-end=\"3707\">\u0130\u015f mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 istenen veriyi haz\u0131rlar; gerekiyorsa ba\u015fka API\u2019lerle konu\u015fur.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3708\" data-end=\"3862\">\n<p data-start=\"3710\" data-end=\"3862\">Yan\u0131t, belirlenen \u015femaya uygun \u015fekilde (\u00e7o\u011funlukla JSON) d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr; hata durumunda tutarl\u0131 bir hata format\u0131 ve uygun HTTP durum kodu (4xx\/5xx) verilir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"3864\" data-end=\"4163\">Bu ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n verimli olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in <strong data-start=\"3894\" data-end=\"3920\">\u00f6nbellekleme (caching)<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"3922\" data-end=\"3944\">ETag\/If-None-Match<\/strong> gibi ko\u015fullu istekler, <strong data-start=\"3968\" data-end=\"3982\">idempotent<\/strong> i\u015flemler (ayn\u0131 iste\u011fin tekrar\u0131 ayn\u0131 sonucu verir), <strong data-start=\"4034\" data-end=\"4048\">pagination<\/strong> (limit\/offset veya cursor-based), <strong data-start=\"4083\" data-end=\"4096\">s\u00fcr\u00fcmleme<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"4098\" data-end=\"4124\">geriye d\u00f6n\u00fck uyumluluk<\/strong> ve <strong data-start=\"4128\" data-end=\"4145\">dok\u00fcmantasyon<\/strong> kritik \u00f6nemdedir.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1604\" src=\"https:\/\/www.domainsorgulama.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/API-Nedir-Ne-Ise-Yarar-1-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"API Nedir, Ne \u0130\u015fe Yarar 1\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.domainsorgulama.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/API-Nedir-Ne-Ise-Yarar-1-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/www.domainsorgulama.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/API-Nedir-Ne-Ise-Yarar-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.domainsorgulama.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/API-Nedir-Ne-Ise-Yarar-1-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.domainsorgulama.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/API-Nedir-Ne-Ise-Yarar-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.domainsorgulama.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/API-Nedir-Ne-Ise-Yarar-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.domainsorgulama.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/API-Nedir-Ne-Ise-Yarar-1-2048x1366.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.domainsorgulama.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/API-Nedir-Ne-Ise-Yarar-1-414x276.jpg 414w, https:\/\/www.domainsorgulama.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/API-Nedir-Ne-Ise-Yarar-1-470x313.jpg 470w, https:\/\/www.domainsorgulama.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/API-Nedir-Ne-Ise-Yarar-1-640x426.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.domainsorgulama.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/API-Nedir-Ne-Ise-Yarar-1-130x86.jpg 130w, https:\/\/www.domainsorgulama.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/API-Nedir-Ne-Ise-Yarar-1-187x124.jpg 187w, https:\/\/www.domainsorgulama.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/API-Nedir-Ne-Ise-Yarar-1-990x660.jpg 990w, https:\/\/www.domainsorgulama.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/API-Nedir-Ne-Ise-Yarar-1-1320x880.jpg 1320w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"4170\" data-end=\"4218\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"API_Turleri_REST_SOAP_GraphQL_ve_Digerleri\"><\/span>API T\u00fcrleri: REST, SOAP, GraphQL ve Di\u011ferleri<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"4220\" data-end=\"4354\">\u201capi t\u00fcrleri\u201d dendi\u011finde asl\u0131nda birka\u00e7 farkl\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131flamadan bahsedebiliriz: <strong data-start=\"4296\" data-end=\"4320\">mimari stil\/protokol<\/strong> bazl\u0131 ve <strong data-start=\"4330\" data-end=\"4347\">eri\u015fim modeli<\/strong> bazl\u0131.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"4356\" data-end=\"4388\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mimari_Stil_Protokol_Bazli\"><\/span>Mimari Stil \/ Protokol Bazl\u0131<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"4390\" data-end=\"6891\">\n<li data-start=\"4390\" data-end=\"4891\">\n<p data-start=\"4392\" data-end=\"4891\"><strong data-start=\"4392\" data-end=\"4434\">REST (Representational State Transfer)<\/strong><br data-start=\"4434\" data-end=\"4437\" \/>Bir protokolden ziyade mimari ilkeler b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. HTTP\u2019nin olanaklar\u0131n\u0131 (kaynak odakl\u0131 URI\u2019lar, stateless yap\u0131, standard HTTP metodlar\u0131 ve durum kodlar\u0131, cache semantikleri) verimli kullanmay\u0131 hedefler. Yayg\u0131n olarak JSON kullan\u0131lsa da REST bunu zorunlu k\u0131lmaz. Art\u0131lar\u0131: Basitlik, yayg\u0131n ekosistem, taray\u0131c\u0131\/dil ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131. Zorluklar\u0131: Fazla veya eksik veri \u00e7ekme (over\/under-fetching), \u00e7ok endpoint y\u00f6netme, karma\u015f\u0131k ili\u015fkilerde \u201cn+1 istek\u201d paterni.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4893\" data-end=\"5273\">\n<p data-start=\"4895\" data-end=\"5273\"><strong data-start=\"4895\" data-end=\"4935\">SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol)<\/strong><br data-start=\"4935\" data-end=\"4938\" \/>XML tabanl\u0131, kat\u0131 bir zarf yap\u0131s\u0131yla (envelope) geleneksel kurumsal d\u00fcnyada yayg\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015f bir protokold\u00fcr. S\u00f6zle\u015fme genelde WSDL ile tan\u0131mlan\u0131r. Art\u0131lar\u0131: Tip g\u00fcvenli\u011fi, standartla\u015fm\u0131\u015f g\u00fcvenlik ve i\u015flem semanti\u011fi (WS-Security, WS-AtomicTransaction). Zorluklar\u0131: A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k, esneklik k\u0131s\u0131tlar\u0131, modern web-mobile senaryolar\u0131nda hantall\u0131k.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5275\" data-end=\"5766\">\n<p data-start=\"5277\" data-end=\"5766\"><strong data-start=\"5277\" data-end=\"5288\">GraphQL<\/strong><br data-start=\"5288\" data-end=\"5291\" \/>\u0130stemcinin <strong data-start=\"5304\" data-end=\"5343\">tam olarak ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fu alanlar\u0131<\/strong> tek bir sorguda ifade etti\u011fi, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc tip sistemine sahip bir sorgulama dilidir. Over\/under-fetching sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 azalt\u0131r, ili\u015fkisel verileri tek sorguda \u00e7ekebilir, \u015fema \u00fczerinden geli\u015ftirme deneyimini zenginle\u015ftirir. Art\u0131lar\u0131: Esnek sorgular, \u015fema odakl\u0131 geli\u015ftirme, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ara\u00e7lar. Zorluklar\u0131: N+1 sorgu riski (\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm: data loader), caching semantiklerinin REST kadar do\u011fal olmamas\u0131, yetkilendirme\/limitlendirme dikkat ister.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5768\" data-end=\"6161\">\n<p data-start=\"5770\" data-end=\"6161\"><strong data-start=\"5770\" data-end=\"5798\">gRPC (HTTP\/2 + Protobuf)<\/strong><br data-start=\"5798\" data-end=\"5801\" \/>Google\u2019\u0131n geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi, \u00f6zellikle servis-servis (microservice) ileti\u015fiminde y\u00fcksek performansl\u0131, ikili (binary) protokol kullanan bir yakla\u015f\u0131md\u0131r. Streaming (client\/server\/bidirectional) destekler. Art\u0131lar\u0131: D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck gecikme, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc tip g\u00fcvenli\u011fi, verimlilik. Zorluklar\u0131: Taray\u0131c\u0131 deste\u011fi s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 (genelde proxy gerekir), insan taraf\u0131ndan okunabilirlik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6163\" data-end=\"6499\">\n<p data-start=\"6165\" data-end=\"6499\"><strong data-start=\"6165\" data-end=\"6200\">Webhooks &amp; Event-Driven API\u2019ler<\/strong><br data-start=\"6200\" data-end=\"6203\" \/>\u201cBen sormadan bana haber ver\u201d yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. Bir olay oldu\u011funda sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 sizin belirledi\u011finiz URL\u2019ye POST atar. \u00d6deme bildirimleri, Git push olaylar\u0131, CRM tetikleyicileri vb. i\u00e7in idealdir. Zorluklar\u0131: G\u00fcvenlik (imza do\u011frulama), tekrar teslim (at-least-once semantics), s\u0131ralama ve idempotency.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6501\" data-end=\"6689\">\n<p data-start=\"6503\" data-end=\"6689\"><strong data-start=\"6503\" data-end=\"6522\">WebSocket \/ SSE<\/strong><br data-start=\"6522\" data-end=\"6525\" \/>Ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131, \u00e7ift y\u00f6nl\u00fc (WebSocket) ya da tek y\u00f6nl\u00fc yay\u0131n (Server-Sent Events) i\u00e7in uygundur. Canl\u0131 skor, sohbet, izleme panolar\u0131 gibi alanlarda tercih edilir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6691\" data-end=\"6891\">\n<p data-start=\"6693\" data-end=\"6891\"><strong data-start=\"6693\" data-end=\"6705\">AsyncAPI<\/strong> (belirtim)<br data-start=\"6716\" data-end=\"6719\" \/>MQTT, Kafka, AMQP gibi mesajla\u015fma protokollerini tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan \u015fema standard\u0131d\u0131r. Olay g\u00fcd\u00fcml\u00fc mimarilerde OpenAPI\u2019nin asenkron kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-start=\"6893\" data-end=\"6916\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Erisim_Modeli_Bazli\"><\/span>Eri\u015fim Modeli Bazl\u0131<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"6918\" data-end=\"7315\">\n<li data-start=\"6918\" data-end=\"7017\">\n<p data-start=\"6920\" data-end=\"7017\"><strong data-start=\"6920\" data-end=\"6941\">Public (A\u00e7\u0131k) API<\/strong>: Geni\u015f geli\u015ftirici kitlesine a\u00e7\u0131k; genelde anahtar veya OAuth ile eri\u015filir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"7018\" data-end=\"7097\">\n<p data-start=\"7020\" data-end=\"7097\"><strong data-start=\"7020\" data-end=\"7035\">Partner API<\/strong>: Yaln\u0131zca i\u015f ortaklar\u0131na sunulan, SLA\u2019leri tan\u0131ml\u0131 aray\u00fczler.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"7098\" data-end=\"7191\">\n<p data-start=\"7100\" data-end=\"7191\"><strong data-start=\"7100\" data-end=\"7120\">Private (\u0130\u00e7) API<\/strong>: Kurum i\u00e7indeki ekipler\/servisler aras\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r; d\u0131\u015fa kapal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"7192\" data-end=\"7315\">\n<p data-start=\"7194\" data-end=\"7315\"><strong data-start=\"7194\" data-end=\"7211\">Composite API<\/strong>: Birden fazla kayna\u011f\u0131n tek \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131da birle\u015ftirilmesi (BFF &#8211; Backend For Frontend, aggregator paternleri).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"7317\" data-end=\"7459\">\u201cAp\u0131 t\u00fcrleri\u201d ifadesi bu nedenle hem protokol\/mimari hem de eri\u015fim modelini kapsar; se\u00e7im, <strong data-start=\"7408\" data-end=\"7419\">ihtiya\u00e7<\/strong> ve <strong data-start=\"7423\" data-end=\"7435\">k\u0131s\u0131tlar<\/strong> \u00fczerinden yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"7466\" data-end=\"7527\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"APIler_ve_Web_Gelistirme_Web_Uygulamalariyla_Entegrasyon\"><\/span>API\u2019ler ve Web Geli\u015ftirme: Web Uygulamalar\u0131yla Entegrasyon<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"7529\" data-end=\"7775\">G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz web\u2019inde \u00f6n y\u00fcz (React\/Vue\/Next\/Nuxt), arka y\u00fcz (Node\/Express, .NET, Java\/Spring, Python\/FastAPI, Go\/Gin), mobil (iOS\/Android\/Flutter) ve hatta IoT cihazlar\u0131, hepsi API\u2019lerle konu\u015fur. Entegrasyonun belkemi\u011fi \u015fu ilkelerle sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 kurulur:<\/p>\n<ol data-start=\"7777\" data-end=\"9190\">\n<li data-start=\"7777\" data-end=\"8114\">\n<p data-start=\"7780\" data-end=\"8114\"><strong data-start=\"7780\" data-end=\"7828\">Temiz S\u0131n\u0131rlar ve BFF (Backend For Frontend)<\/strong><br data-start=\"7828\" data-end=\"7831\" \/>Farkl\u0131 istemci t\u00fcrleri (web, mobil, dahili panel) i\u00e7in tek bir \u201cgenel ama\u00e7l\u0131\u201d API bazen hantal olabilir. BFF yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131, her istemciye \u00f6zg\u00fc ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 optimize eden ince bir arka katman sunar. B\u00f6ylece mobilin veri ihtiyac\u0131 ile web\u2019in ihtiyac\u0131 ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r; gereksiz veri ta\u015f\u0131nmaz.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"8116\" data-end=\"8373\">\n<p data-start=\"8119\" data-end=\"8373\"><strong data-start=\"8119\" data-end=\"8168\">S\u00f6zle\u015fmeye Dayal\u0131 Geli\u015ftirme (Contract-First)<\/strong><br data-start=\"8168\" data-end=\"8171\" \/>\u00d6nceden iyi tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f bir OpenAPI\/GraphQL \u015femas\u0131yla hem istemci hem sunucu paralel geli\u015ftirilebilir. Mock sunucularla UI ekipleri ger\u00e7ek API haz\u0131r olmadan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flar; hatalar erken yakalan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"8375\" data-end=\"8621\">\n<p data-start=\"8378\" data-end=\"8621\"><strong data-start=\"8378\" data-end=\"8398\">G\u00fcvenlik ve CORS<\/strong><br data-start=\"8398\" data-end=\"8401\" \/>Taray\u0131c\u0131 tabanl\u0131 isteklerde CORS politikas\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir. Token ve cookie stratejisi, XSS\/CSRF korumalar\u0131, HTTPS zorunlulu\u011fu, anahtarlar\u0131n istemciye s\u0131zmamas\u0131 (\u00f6r. yaln\u0131zca backend\u2019te saklama) gibi konular net olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"8623\" data-end=\"8948\">\n<p data-start=\"8626\" data-end=\"8948\"><strong data-start=\"8626\" data-end=\"8664\">Hata Format\u0131 ve G\u00f6zlemlenebilirlik<\/strong><br data-start=\"8664\" data-end=\"8667\" \/>Tek tip hata zarf\u0131 ve merkezi log\/metric\/trace (ELK\/EFK, OpenTelemetry, Prometheus\/Grafana) olmadan \u00f6l\u00e7ekli entegrasyonlar\u0131n bak\u0131m\u0131 zorla\u015f\u0131r. Her \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 i\u00e7in <strong data-start=\"8871\" data-end=\"8895\">correlation\/trace id<\/strong> \u00fcretmek, sorun \u00e7\u00f6zmeyi dramatik bi\u00e7imde h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"8950\" data-end=\"9190\">\n<p data-start=\"8953\" data-end=\"9190\"><strong data-start=\"8953\" data-end=\"8979\">Performans ve \u00d6nbellek<\/strong><br data-start=\"8979\" data-end=\"8982\" \/>CDN ve reverse proxy (ETag, Cache-Control), sayfalama, istek birle\u015ftirme (batching), alan se\u00e7imi (sparse fieldsets) ve GraphQL\u2019de <strong data-start=\"9115\" data-end=\"9140\">query cost\/complexity<\/strong> limitleri, kullan\u0131c\u0131 deneyimini do\u011frudan etkiler.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2 data-start=\"9197\" data-end=\"9245\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"API_Kullanmanin_Avantajlari_ve_Dezavantajlari\"><\/span>API Kullanman\u0131n Avantajlar\u0131 ve Dezavantajlar\u0131<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 data-start=\"9247\" data-end=\"9261\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Avantajlar\"><\/span>Avantajlar<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"9262\" data-end=\"9843\">\n<li data-start=\"9262\" data-end=\"9389\">\n<p data-start=\"9264\" data-end=\"9389\"><strong data-start=\"9264\" data-end=\"9291\">H\u0131z ve Yeniden Kullan\u0131m<\/strong>: Ayn\u0131 i\u015flevin tekrar tekrar yaz\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmez; \u201cpar\u00e7ala-y\u00f6net-yeniden kullan\u201d k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc geli\u015fir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"9390\" data-end=\"9494\">\n<p data-start=\"9392\" data-end=\"9494\"><strong data-start=\"9392\" data-end=\"9410\">Ekosistemle\u015fme<\/strong>: D\u0131\u015fa a\u00e7\u0131lan API\u2019ler etraf\u0131nda entegrasyonlar, uygulamalar, pazar yerleri olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"9495\" data-end=\"9598\">\n<p data-start=\"9497\" data-end=\"9598\"><strong data-start=\"9497\" data-end=\"9509\">Esneklik<\/strong>: \u0130\u00e7 mimari \u00f6zg\u00fcrce evrilebilir; API s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi korundu\u011fu s\u00fcrece istemciler etkilenmez.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"9599\" data-end=\"9720\">\n<p data-start=\"9601\" data-end=\"9720\"><strong data-start=\"9601\" data-end=\"9622\">\u00d6l\u00e7eklenebilirlik<\/strong>: Mikro servisler ve olay g\u00fcd\u00fcml\u00fc mimarilerle birlikte, farkl\u0131 bile\u015fenler ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zca \u00f6l\u00e7eklenir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"9721\" data-end=\"9843\">\n<p data-start=\"9723\" data-end=\"9843\"><strong data-start=\"9723\" data-end=\"9748\">G\u00fcvenlik ve Soyutlama<\/strong>: Hassas veriye do\u011frudan eri\u015fim yerine, kontroll\u00fc, loglanan ve yetkilendirilen kap\u0131lar sunulur.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-start=\"9845\" data-end=\"9891\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dezavantajlar_Dikkat_Edilmesi_Gerekenler\"><\/span>Dezavantajlar \/ Dikkat Edilmesi Gerekenler<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"9892\" data-end=\"10540\">\n<li data-start=\"9892\" data-end=\"10031\">\n<p data-start=\"9894\" data-end=\"10031\"><strong data-start=\"9894\" data-end=\"9921\">Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k ve SLA Riski<\/strong>: \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc taraf API\u2019ye ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k; kotaya tak\u0131lma, versiyon k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, servis kesintisi gibi riskler getirir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"10032\" data-end=\"10120\">\n<p data-start=\"10034\" data-end=\"10120\"><strong data-start=\"10034\" data-end=\"10056\">Gecikme ve Maliyet<\/strong>: A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 a\u011f \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 y\u00fcksek gecikme ve altyap\u0131 maliyeti do\u011furur.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"10121\" data-end=\"10262\">\n<p data-start=\"10123\" data-end=\"10262\"><strong data-start=\"10123\" data-end=\"10144\">G\u00fcvenlik A\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131<\/strong>: \u201cOWASP API Security Top 10\u201d ihlalleri (k\u0131r\u0131k yetkilendirme, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 veri maruziyeti vb.) ciddi sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furabilir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"10263\" data-end=\"10427\">\n<p data-start=\"10265\" data-end=\"10427\"><strong data-start=\"10265\" data-end=\"10304\">S\u00fcr\u00fcmleme ve Ya\u015fam D\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc Y\u00f6netimi<\/strong>: Versiyon art\u0131\u015f\u0131, geriye d\u00f6n\u00fck uyumluluk, kullan\u0131m d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakma (deprecation) s\u00fcreci iyi y\u00f6netilmezse ekibin h\u0131z\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fer.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"10428\" data-end=\"10540\">\n<p data-start=\"10430\" data-end=\"10540\"><strong data-start=\"10430\" data-end=\"10460\">Test ve G\u00f6zlemlenebilirlik<\/strong>: Yetersiz test ve izlenebilirlik, ar\u0131za an\u0131nda k\u00f6k neden analizini zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 data-start=\"10547\" data-end=\"10591\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bir_API_Nasil_Tasarlanir_ve_Gelistirilir\"><\/span>Bir API Nas\u0131l Tasarlan\u0131r ve Geli\u015ftirilir?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"10593\" data-end=\"10735\">Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm, \u201cAp\u0131\u201d tasarlarken pratik bir yol haritas\u0131 sunar. \u201cAp\u0131 nedir\u201d sorusunu a\u015ft\u0131ktan sonra <strong data-start=\"10688\" data-end=\"10713\">nas\u0131l iyi API yaz\u0131l\u0131r<\/strong> sorusu as\u0131l s\u0131navd\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"10737\" data-end=\"10779\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Amac_Kitle_ve_Kullanim_Senaryolari\"><\/span>1) Ama\u00e7, Kitle ve Kullan\u0131m Senaryolar\u0131<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"10780\" data-end=\"11033\">\n<li data-start=\"10780\" data-end=\"10847\">\n<p data-start=\"10782\" data-end=\"10847\"><strong data-start=\"10782\" data-end=\"10803\">Kullan\u0131c\u0131 Profili<\/strong>: \u0130\u00e7 ekip mi, partner mi, herkese a\u00e7\u0131k m\u0131?<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"10848\" data-end=\"10940\">\n<p data-start=\"10850\" data-end=\"10940\"><strong data-start=\"10850\" data-end=\"10869\">Kullan\u0131m Bi\u00e7imi<\/strong>: Y\u00fcksek hacimli okuma (read-heavy) m\u0131, i\u015flem yo\u011fun (write-heavy) mi?<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"10941\" data-end=\"11033\">\n<p data-start=\"10943\" data-end=\"11033\"><strong data-start=\"10943\" data-end=\"10958\">SLI\/SLO\/SLA<\/strong>: Hedef gecikme, hata oran\u0131, kullan\u0131labilirlik; beklenti ba\u015ftan net olmal\u0131.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-start=\"11035\" data-end=\"11077\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Sozlesme_Tasarimi_Contract_Design\"><\/span>2) S\u00f6zle\u015fme Tasar\u0131m\u0131 (Contract Design)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"11078\" data-end=\"11459\">\n<li data-start=\"11078\" data-end=\"11171\">\n<p data-start=\"11080\" data-end=\"11171\"><strong data-start=\"11080\" data-end=\"11104\">Kaynak Modeli (REST)<\/strong>: Kaynaklar\u0131n URI hiyerar\u015fisi ve eylemler.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11172\" data-end=\"11279\">\n<p data-start=\"11174\" data-end=\"11279\"><strong data-start=\"11174\" data-end=\"11182\">\u015eema<\/strong>: OpenAPI 3.1 ile istek\/yan\u0131t \u015femalar\u0131, enum\u2019lar, birim\/format (ISO 8601 tarih, RFC 8259 JSON).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11280\" data-end=\"11384\">\n<p data-start=\"11282\" data-end=\"11384\"><strong data-start=\"11282\" data-end=\"11300\">GraphQL \u015eemas\u0131<\/strong>: Tipler, sorgular, mutasyonlar, abonelikler; <em data-start=\"11346\" data-end=\"11351\">n+1<\/em> tuza\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 <strong data-start=\"11367\" data-end=\"11381\">dataloader<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11385\" data-end=\"11459\">\n<p data-start=\"11387\" data-end=\"11459\"><strong data-start=\"11387\" data-end=\"11401\">gRPC Proto<\/strong>: Mesaj tan\u0131mlar\u0131, servis aray\u00fczleri, streaming kararlar\u0131.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-start=\"11461\" data-end=\"11476\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Guvenlik\"><\/span>3) G\u00fcvenlik<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"11477\" data-end=\"11933\">\n<li data-start=\"11477\" data-end=\"11568\">\n<p data-start=\"11479\" data-end=\"11568\"><strong data-start=\"11479\" data-end=\"11499\">Kimlik Do\u011frulama<\/strong>: OAuth2\/OpenID Connect, servis-servis i\u00e7in mTLS veya signed token.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11569\" data-end=\"11667\">\n<p data-start=\"11571\" data-end=\"11667\"><strong data-start=\"11571\" data-end=\"11588\">Yetkilendirme<\/strong>: RBAC\/ABAC, kapsamlar (scopes), nesne d\u00fczeyi kontroller (object-level auth).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11668\" data-end=\"11748\">\n<p data-start=\"11670\" data-end=\"11748\"><strong data-start=\"11670\" data-end=\"11689\">Girdi Do\u011frulama<\/strong>: \u015eema validasyonu, whitelist yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131, boyut s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11749\" data-end=\"11855\">\n<p data-start=\"11751\" data-end=\"11855\"><strong data-start=\"11751\" data-end=\"11772\">Ortak Zay\u0131fl\u0131klar<\/strong>: Rate limit, bot korumas\u0131, imzal\u0131 webhooks, gizli bilgilerin (secrets) y\u00f6netimi.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11856\" data-end=\"11933\">\n<p data-start=\"11858\" data-end=\"11933\"><strong data-start=\"11858\" data-end=\"11872\">G\u00fcnl\u00fckleme<\/strong>: PII i\u00e7ermeyen, sahtecilik analiti\u011fine elveri\u015fli log yap\u0131s\u0131.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Hata_Yonetimi_ve_Durum_Kodlari\"><\/span>4) Hata Y\u00f6netimi ve Durum Kodlar\u0131<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"12195\" data-end=\"12270\">\n<p data-start=\"12197\" data-end=\"12270\">Do\u011fru HTTP kodlar\u0131: 200\/201\/204, 400\/401\/403\/404\/409\/422, 429, 500\/503.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"12195\" data-end=\"12270\">\n<p data-start=\"12197\" data-end=\"12270\"><strong data-start=\"12273\" data-end=\"12292\">\u0130dempotency-Key<\/strong> deste\u011fi: A\u011f hatas\u0131nda yinelenen i\u015flemlerin g\u00fcvenli olmas\u0131.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-start=\"12353\" data-end=\"12395\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Surumleme_Versioning_ve_Uyumluluk\"><\/span>5) S\u00fcr\u00fcmleme (Versioning) ve Uyumluluk<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"12396\" data-end=\"12656\">\n<li data-start=\"12396\" data-end=\"12463\">\n<p data-start=\"12398\" data-end=\"12463\"><strong data-start=\"12398\" data-end=\"12413\">URI tabanl\u0131<\/strong> veya <strong data-start=\"12429\" data-end=\"12447\">header tabanl\u0131<\/strong> versiyonlama.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"12464\" data-end=\"12572\">\n<p data-start=\"12466\" data-end=\"12572\">\u201cBreaking change\u201d \u00f6ncesi <strong data-start=\"12491\" data-end=\"12506\">deprecation<\/strong> duyurular\u0131, <strong data-start=\"12519\" data-end=\"12538\">ge\u00e7i\u015f penceresi<\/strong>, \u00e7ift yazma\/okuma stratejileri.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"12573\" data-end=\"12656\">\n<p data-start=\"12575\" data-end=\"12656\">\u015eema evrimi: Yeni alanlar\u0131 <strong data-start=\"12602\" data-end=\"12615\">opsiyonel<\/strong> ba\u015flat, eski alanlar\u0131 bir s\u00fcre destekle.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-start=\"12658\" data-end=\"12710\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_Performans_Olceklenebilirlik_ve_Dayaniklilik\"><\/span>6) Performans, \u00d6l\u00e7eklenebilirlik ve Dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"12711\" data-end=\"13132\">\n<li data-start=\"12711\" data-end=\"12796\">\n<p data-start=\"12713\" data-end=\"12796\"><strong data-start=\"12713\" data-end=\"12727\">Pagination<\/strong>: Offset\/limit yerine <strong data-start=\"12749\" data-end=\"12765\">cursor-based<\/strong> sayfalama tercih edilebilir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"12797\" data-end=\"12888\">\n<p data-start=\"12799\" data-end=\"12888\"><strong data-start=\"12799\" data-end=\"12834\">Filtreleme\/S\u0131ralama\/Alan Se\u00e7imi<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"12889\" data-end=\"12972\">\n<p data-start=\"12891\" data-end=\"12972\"><strong data-start=\"12891\" data-end=\"12903\">\u00d6nbellek<\/strong>: CDN, reverse proxy, ETag\/Last-Modified, cache-aside stratejileri.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"12973\" data-end=\"13050\">\n<p data-start=\"12975\" data-end=\"13050\"><strong data-start=\"12975\" data-end=\"12993\">Toplu \u0130\u015flemler<\/strong>: Batch endpoints veya GraphQL\u2019de tek sorguda \u00e7ok alan.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"13051\" data-end=\"13132\">\n<p data-start=\"13053\" data-end=\"13132\"><strong data-start=\"13053\" data-end=\"13069\">Dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k<\/strong>: Circuit breaker, retry-backoff, timeouts, bulkhead isolation.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-start=\"13134\" data-end=\"13188\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7_Dokumantasyon_SDK_ve_Gelistirici_Deneyimi_DX\"><\/span>7) Dok\u00fcmantasyon, SDK ve Geli\u015ftirici Deneyimi (DX)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"13189\" data-end=\"13550\">\n<li data-start=\"13189\" data-end=\"13279\">\n<p data-start=\"13191\" data-end=\"13279\"><strong data-start=\"13191\" data-end=\"13205\">API Portal<\/strong>: A\u00e7\u0131k, arama yap\u0131labilir, versiyonlu dok\u00fcmanlar; <strong data-start=\"13255\" data-end=\"13267\">\u201ctry it\u201d<\/strong> alanlar\u0131.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"13280\" data-end=\"13380\">\n<p data-start=\"13282\" data-end=\"13380\"><strong data-start=\"13282\" data-end=\"13294\">\u00d6rnekler<\/strong>: Dil bazl\u0131 snippet\u2019ler (JS\/Python\/Java\/Go), Postman koleksiyonlar\u0131, Curl \u00f6rnekleri.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"13381\" data-end=\"13474\">\n<p data-start=\"13383\" data-end=\"13474\"><strong data-start=\"13383\" data-end=\"13397\">SDK\/Client<\/strong>: Otomatik \u00fcretilmi\u015f (OpenAPI codegen) veya el yaz\u0131m\u0131 istemci k\u00fct\u00fcphaneler.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"13475\" data-end=\"13550\">\n<p data-start=\"13477\" data-end=\"13550\"><strong data-start=\"13477\" data-end=\"13511\">De\u011fi\u015fiklik G\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc (Changelog)<\/strong>: K\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklikler i\u00e7in net rehber.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-start=\"13552\" data-end=\"13592\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"8_Test_CICD_ve_Gozlemlenebilirlik\"><\/span>8) Test, CI\/CD ve G\u00f6zlemlenebilirlik<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"13593\" data-end=\"14018\">\n<li data-start=\"13593\" data-end=\"13688\">\n<p data-start=\"13595\" data-end=\"13688\"><strong data-start=\"13595\" data-end=\"13616\">S\u00f6zle\u015fme Testleri<\/strong>: Contract-first ise mock ve t\u00fcketici odakl\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fme testleri (Pact).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"13689\" data-end=\"13751\">\n<p data-start=\"13691\" data-end=\"13751\"><strong data-start=\"13691\" data-end=\"13713\">Entegrasyon ve E2E<\/strong>: Ger\u00e7ek veriyle, staging ortam\u0131nda.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"13752\" data-end=\"13824\">\n<p data-start=\"13754\" data-end=\"13824\"><strong data-start=\"13754\" data-end=\"13774\">Performans Testi<\/strong>: K6\/JMeter ile y\u00fck, gecikme, bozulma noktalar\u0131.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"13825\" data-end=\"13915\">\n<p data-start=\"13827\" data-end=\"13915\"><strong data-start=\"13827\" data-end=\"13836\">CI\/CD<\/strong>: Otomatik \u015fema do\u011frulama, migration y\u00f6netimi, kanarya\/blue-green da\u011f\u0131t\u0131mlar.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"13916\" data-end=\"14018\">\n<p data-start=\"13918\" data-end=\"14018\"><strong data-start=\"13918\" data-end=\"13935\">Observability<\/strong>: Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131k iz s\u00fcrme (OpenTelemetry), metrik\/alert (Prometheus\/Grafana), merkezi log.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-start=\"14020\" data-end=\"14088\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"9_Fiyatlandirma_Kota_ve_Governance_AcikPartner_APIler_icin\"><\/span>9) Fiyatland\u0131rma, Kota ve Governance (A\u00e7\u0131k\/Partner API\u2019ler i\u00e7in)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"14089\" data-end=\"14419\">\n<li data-start=\"14089\" data-end=\"14163\">\n<p data-start=\"14091\" data-end=\"14163\"><strong data-start=\"14091\" data-end=\"14102\">Planlar<\/strong>: \u00dccretsiz katman, \u00fccretli katmanlar, adil kullan\u0131m kotas\u0131.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"14164\" data-end=\"14236\">\n<p data-start=\"14166\" data-end=\"14236\"><strong data-start=\"14166\" data-end=\"14188\">Rate Limit &amp; Quota<\/strong>: Yan\u0131t header\u2019lar\u0131nda kalan limitleri g\u00f6ster.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"14237\" data-end=\"14336\">\n<p data-start=\"14239\" data-end=\"14336\"><strong data-start=\"14239\" data-end=\"14258\">Anahtar D\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc<\/strong>: Anahtar olu\u015fturma\/yenileme\/iptal, dar kapsaml\u0131 (least privilege) yetkiler.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"14337\" data-end=\"14419\">\n<p data-start=\"14339\" data-end=\"14419\"><strong data-start=\"14339\" data-end=\"14358\">Uyum ve Denetim<\/strong>: KVKK\/GDPR, denetim izleri, veri yerelle\u015ftirme, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-start=\"14421\" data-end=\"14497\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"10_Uygulamali_Ornek_Basit_Siparis_APIsi_Icin_Kritik_Tasarim_Kararlari\"><\/span>10) Uygulamal\u0131 \u00d6rnek: Basit Sipari\u015f API\u2019si \u0130\u00e7in Kritik Tasar\u0131m Kararlar\u0131<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"14498\" data-end=\"15035\">\n<li data-start=\"14498\" data-end=\"14564\">\n<p data-start=\"14500\" data-end=\"14564\"><strong data-start=\"14500\" data-end=\"14513\">Kaynaklar<\/strong>: \/orders, \/orders\/{id}, \/orders\/{id}\/items<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"14565\" data-end=\"14638\">\n<p data-start=\"14567\" data-end=\"14638\"><strong data-start=\"14567\" data-end=\"14587\">Kimlik Do\u011frulama<\/strong>: OAuth2 client-credentials (servis-servis) + JWT<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"14639\" data-end=\"14715\">\n<p data-start=\"14641\" data-end=\"14715\"><strong data-start=\"14641\" data-end=\"14657\">\u0130\u015f Kurallar\u0131<\/strong>: \u201cShipped\u201d olan sipari\u015f <strong data-start=\"14682\" data-end=\"14699\">g\u00fcncellenemez<\/strong> (409 d\u00f6nd\u00fcr).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"14716\" data-end=\"14778\">\n<p data-start=\"14718\" data-end=\"14778\"><strong data-start=\"14718\" data-end=\"14731\">Sayfalama<\/strong>: Cursor: ?cursor=eyJpZCI6IjEyMyJ9&amp;limit=50<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"14779\" data-end=\"14848\">\n<p data-start=\"14781\" data-end=\"14848\"><strong data-start=\"14781\" data-end=\"14789\">Hata<\/strong>: 422 do\u011frulama; 409 i\u015f kural\u0131 \u00e7ak\u0131\u015fmas\u0131; 401\/403 eri\u015fim.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"14849\" data-end=\"14945\">\n<p data-start=\"14851\" data-end=\"14945\"><strong data-start=\"14851\" data-end=\"14863\">Versiyon<\/strong>: \/v1\/ ile ba\u015fla; gelecekte \/v2\/\u00a0introdukesi i\u00e7in deprecation plan\u0131 haz\u0131rla.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"14946\" data-end=\"15035\">\n<p data-start=\"14948\" data-end=\"15035\"><strong data-start=\"14948\" data-end=\"14958\">G\u00f6zlem<\/strong>: Her istek-yan\u0131ta Trace-Id ekle; 1 saniyeyi a\u015fan istekleri \u201cslowlog\u201da yaz.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Di\u011fer blog yaz\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131za <a href=\"https:\/\/www.domainsorgulama.com\/blog\/\">buradan<\/a> ula\u015fabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Geli\u015ftiricilerin diller, \u00e7er\u00e7eveler ve platformlar aras\u0131nda k\u00f6pr\u00fc kurmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan en temel ara\u00e7lardan biri API\u2019dir. \u201cUygulama Programlama Aray\u00fcz\u00fc\u201d anlam\u0131na gelen API, bir yaz\u0131l\u0131m bile\u015feninin ba\u015fka bir bile\u015fenle nas\u0131l konu\u015faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bi\u00e7imde tarif eden bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme gibidir. Bu s\u00f6zle\u015fme; hangi iste\u011fin nas\u0131l yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, hangi verinin d\u00f6n\u00fclece\u011fini, hatalar\u0131n nas\u0131l bildirilece\u011fini, g\u00fcvenli\u011fin nas\u0131l sa\u011flanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerin nas\u0131l y\u00f6netilece\u011fini belirler. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1603,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1601","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yazilim-ve-kodlama"],"views":1682,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.domainsorgulama.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1601","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.domainsorgulama.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.domainsorgulama.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.domainsorgulama.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.domainsorgulama.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1601"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.domainsorgulama.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1601\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1680,"href":"https:\/\/www.domainsorgulama.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1601\/revisions\/1680"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.domainsorgulama.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1603"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.domainsorgulama.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1601"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.domainsorgulama.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1601"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.domainsorgulama.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1601"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}